![]() The convergence and complementarity of farmer and academic “ecological knowledge frameworks” is an active field of inquiry with potential to inform research agendas and production processes in landscapes composed of small coffee farms (Vandermeer and Perfecto 2013). Small-scale shade-coffee producers and community ecologists studying coffee farms share a familiarity with the ecological complexity of diverse agroecosystems. Key words: autonomous pest control coffee farmers ecological complexity game educational board-game farmer scientist interaction learning complexity shade coffee trait-mediated interactions INTRODUCTION Many concluded that there are feasible things they can do on their farms, derived from what they learned, to favor potential autonomous pest control. Many of the farmers concluded that the outcome of these interactions is not unique and not always in favor of rust control but is context dependent. Participants’ debriefings confirmed qualitatively that they learned that beneficial organisms and interactions occur on their farms, and that gaming was enjoyable, motivating, and critical to grasp complex interactions. The combination of lecture and game sessions helped participants better understand cascades of trait-mediated interactions. Evaluation methods that were better adapted to farmers’ conditions improved learning scores and showed statistically significant age effect (players older than 40 had lower retention scores) and gaming effect (lower retention of interactions included in the lecture but not in the game). Farmers’ retention and understanding of direct and indirect bilateral interactions among organisms was assessed with different methods to elucidate the effect of adding Azteca Chess gaming sessions to a detailed and very graphical lecture. We report on the learning results of 14 workshops held in Chiapas, Mexico during 2015 in which 117 small-scale coffee farmers of all genders (30% women) and ages who had little schooling were exposed by researchers to a natural history narrative, a multispecies network representation, a board game, and a series of graphical quizzes, all related to a nine-species complex ecological network with potential for autonomous control of the ongoing and devastating coffee rust epidemic that was affecting them. However, for this collaboration to be fruitful, the gap between the knowledge frameworks of both farmers and scientists will need to be closed. It is generally thought that scientific knowledge is able to complement farmers’ knowledge. Best regards.Small-scale coffee farmers understand certain complex ecological processes, and successfully navigate some of the challenges emerging from the ecological complexity on their farms. If you need further clarifications leave a comment. ![]() You can find out more about chess notation here.Īnd why are the two games using it with the symbols in different order?īecause the positions in those games are different -> in one White has the decisive advantage while in the other it is Black who should win. ![]() The symbols were invented by Chess Informant and accepted as a standard. This way, when commentator writes +- behind the move, everybody ( Japanese, English, Arabian, Marsian, it doesn't matter! ) know what it means. In the old days before this notation, commentaries were given in words, which required the reader to know commentator's native tongue or to find the translation of those commentaries. ![]() This notation is introduced to bypass the language barrier so any reader ( Japanese, English, Arabian, Marsian, it doesn't matter! ) can understand the comment behind the move. As for symbol -+ it means "Black has decisive advantage". This symbol means "White has decisive advantage", which means that White's advantage is big enough to secure him victory. What does “+-” mean in algebraic notation? ![]()
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